歴史 of アルミニウム 開発

英語 名前 for アルミニウム 来る から the 古代 ローマ 単語 ミョウバン, どれ は the ダブル 塩 の 硫酸 酸 KAl (SO4) 2.12H2O. In 先史時代, 人間 存在 持っている 使用済み 粘土 含む アルミニウム 化合物 (Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O) to make 陶器 the 含有量 of アルミニウム in the 地殻 is second only to oxygen and silicon, ランキング 3番目。 ただし, due to the 弱い 酸化性 of アルミニウム 化合物, アルミニウム is not easy reduced from the 化合物, および したがって the 分離 of 金属 アルミニウム is 遅延。
In 1746, German J.H. Pott produced an oxide, alumina, from alum. In the 18th century, A.L. Lavoisier of France believed that this was an unknown metal oxide, which had a great affinity for oxygen, making it impossible to reduce it with carbon and other known reducing agents at the time. In 1807, British man H. Davy attempted to electrolyze molten aluminum oxide to obtain metal, but was unsuccessful. In 1809, he named this imaginary metal aluminum and later changed it to aluminum. In 1825, H.C. Oersted, a Danes, reduced anhydrous Aluminium chloride with potassium amalgam, and obtained several milligrams of metal aluminum for the first time, pointing out that it has the same color and luster as tin. In 1827, F. W. hler of Germany reduced anhydrous Aluminium chloride with potassium to obtain a small amount of metal powder. In 1845, he used Aluminium chloride gas to pass through the surface of molten metal potassium to obtain some aluminum beads, each weighing about 10~15mg, thus making a preliminary determination of the density and ductility of aluminum, pointing out that the melting point of aluminum is not high. In 1854, S.C. Deville in France used sodium instead of potassium to reduce the NaAlCl4 complex salt to produce metallic aluminum. In the same year, the factory was established and produced some aluminum helmets, tableware, and toys.
In a later period, aluminum was a treasure enjoyed by emperors and nobles, and its price was close to gold at that time. Napoleon III, the French emperor, used aluminum forks at banquets; The king of Thailand used aluminum watch chains. In 1855, it was exhibited at the Paris Exposition along with the gemstones on the crown, with the label indicating "silver from clay". In 1889, Mendeleev also received a vase and cup made of aluminum alloy as a gift from the London Chemical Society. By the end of the 19th century, the price of aluminum had plummeted thousands of times. Firstly, it was due to Siemens' improved generators in the 1870s, which resulted in cheap electricity; Secondly, Heroult of France and C.M. Hall of the United States developed the electrolytic method of dissolving aluminum oxide in Cryolite (Na3AlF6) in 1886. At that time, they were all 22 years old. This innovation enabled large-scale production of aluminum, laying the foundation for the industrial method of electrolytic aluminum in the world today. In 1888, the first electrolytic aluminum plant was established in Pittsburgh, USA, and the production of aluminum entered a new stage. In 1956, the world's aluminum production began to surpass copper and rank first among non-ferrous metals. The price of aluminum is relatively cheap by volume among commonly used non-ferrous metals.